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Columbia concentration camp
Columbia concentration camp (also known as Columbia-Haus) was a Nazi concentration camp situated in the Tempelhof area of Berlin. It was one of the first such institutions established by the regime.
==Development==
Originally called ''Strafgefängnis Tempelhofer Feld'' the building, which contained 134 cells, 10 interrogation rooms and a guardroom, had been built as a military police station but fell empty in 1929.〔David Pascoe, ''Airspaces'', Reaktion Books, 2001, p. 177〕 However as soon as the Nazi Party came to power the building, which by then was known as Columbia-Haus, was made into a prison, with 400 inmates held by September 1933.〔
The prison, initially staffed by both Schutzstaffel and Sturmabteilung members,〔John Michael Steiner, ''Power Politics and Social Change in National Socialist Germany: A Process of Escalation into Mass Destruction'', Walter de Gruyter, 1976, p. 60〕 was largely unregulated until 1934 when it was placed under the command of Walter Gerlach〔 and his adjutant Arthur Liebehenschel. Run as a prison by the Gestapo, it was notorious in the city for the torture meted out to its detainees, most of whom were Communists, Social Democrats, or Jews.〔Klaus P. Fischer, ''Nazi Germany: A New History'', Constable, 1996, p. 274〕 Alongside these however the rightist Max Naumann also spent time as an inmate.〔Robert S. Wistrich, ''Who's Who in Nazi Germany'', Routledge, 2001, p. 177〕
From 27 December 1934 the prison was administrated by the Concentration Camps Inspectorate. On 8 January 1935 Reinhard Heydrich announced that ''Konzentrationslager Columbia'' was to be adopted as the official name, in preference to Columbia-Haus.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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